In Nancy Werlin’s The Rules of Survival, a wide array of literary features had been used to illustrate this novel of great dysphoria.

The first thing that I would like to mention, is the protagonist and antagonist of the story—just to help make explanations clearer further on. It was evident that Werlin had used Matthew Walsh to be the protagonist of the novel, clearly expressing this through writing in the point of view of Matthew himself. In the novel, Matthew takes on a role of protecting his sisters from their abusive mother. Which leads us to the next portion of the introductory—the antagonist of the novel. Clearly, the antagonist is someone who strongly opposes to something or some one. In this case, the antagonist is Nicole Walsh (Matthew and his sister’s mother) as she is portrayed in the novel as a fairly aggressive, bipolar woman who regards her children as her own “property” rather than actual individuals.
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The entire novel actually starts out with Matthew writing a letter to his youngest sister Emmy telling her that he is about to recount, in this letter, about all the past events that have caused them to live the kind of life that they are living right now. He begins the story with the oldest memory he can remember, and that is how the story begins—with a flashback. Actually, I would say that the whole novel is a record of memories of the past told in the perspective of Matthew Walsh. The reason why I say this has been made very obvious through the narration of Matthew. Throughout the novel, Matthew would occasionally refer back to Emmy—asking her if she would remember certain memories and such, making it more believable that this is actually just the main character retelling what had happened before.

Speaking of something believable, I would have to strongly add that the tone of the author was crafted with great skill. When reading the novel, I noticed that the tone was not of someone who was in their late thirties, but more of someone who was in their early adolescent years. Such examples of this would be various syntax errors or occasional hyperbolic phrases to emphasize some extremities during some parts of the novel. So I think that the tone was really something that was exceptionally demonstrated by the author in this novel.
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This novel has a very clear example of what a flat character is, and what a round character is. Roberta O’Grady, also known as Aunt Bobbie to the younger children, is the definition of a flat character. In the story, she is quite simplistic and fictional, in a way that no one would pay much attention to her part in the novel unless it truly focuses on her. Aunt Bobbie remains the same throughout most of the novel, showing indifference towards the abuse of her nephew and nieces by their mother, her sister. However, towards the climax of the story, Aunt Bobbie finally comes to an epiphany that she must save her kin from the terrible mess her sister had created, showing a dramatic twist in the irony of the novel. Murdoch McIlvane, friend to the children and ex-boyfriend to Nicole Walsh, proves to be much of a round character. In the novel, he takes on many roles of being the hero, the friend, the boyfriend, and the perfect father. His motifs and attitudes in the novel show much development and intricacy. It is him that is the actual driving force of the novel to reach the climax, for when he saw what Nicole had been capable of, he decided to take action to protect the children from her.

Speaking of Murdoch McIlvane, in the novel he is perceptibly juxtaposed to the children’s father Benjamin Walsh. Benjamin, who had been driven out of the family by Nicole, lives alone and sends money regularly back to the family to help support his children. Albeit, he does not spend much time with them and does not act compassionate about the monstrous situation they are in—even though he is fully aware of what is happening inside the walls of Nicole’s territory. On the other hand, as mentioned before, Murdoch McIlvane acts as a loving father and friend to the children, giving them as much attention as possible. Irony has it, these two men eventually work together against Nicole Walsh to free the children of their mother’s custody.
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All in all, I truly believe that this story depicts a high level of verisimilitude—due to the fact that not only is the story believable, but also because of the tone of the author. I want to fully emphasize on tone, because this is the main stimulant that provides the basic foundation of how true I found this story was to real life, even though I knew it was fiction.

Pictures Cited:
http://www.coebrownacademy.com/images/2009SAA/images/Krystal%20Costa%20Dysphoria_jpg.jpg
http://www.mnn.com/sites/default/files/scared-kid.jpg
http://atlasnetwork.org/toolkit/wp-content/uploads/letter-writing.jpg
http://www.mscod.state.mn.us/cd/docs/RS_images/mentaldis.jpg
http://www.betterbaking.com/UserFiles/image/OLD%20LADY%20ROLLING%20DOUGH.jpg
http://s3.amazonaws.com/adaptiveblue_img/books/rules_of_survival/nancy_werlin